This book examines current knowledge on the evolution, ecology, and conservation biology of both New World vultures (Cathartidae) and Old World vultures (Accipitridae). Extinct species of both families are examined, as well as the disputed evidence for familial similarities and differences currently under review by geneticists and ornithologists. The book also discusses conservation issues related to recent land cover change (deforestation, urbanization, and desertification), wildlife depletions, and pollution, which affect scavenging vultures.